Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis affects only the large intestine. So surgery that removes the entire large intestine can cure the disease. Some people who have the disease in the entire colon eventually need surgery to remove the colon. Surgery also can often cure the rare problems that the disease causes outside of the colon, such as skin and eye problems. But it may not cure liver problems and some joint problems.

People may need Reference surgery for ulcerative colitis in several situations, such as when other treatment fails to manage symptoms, when holes form in the large intestine, or if Reference dysplasia Opens New Window is found during colonoscopy or biopsy.

Opens New Window Ulcerative Colitis: Should I Have Surgery? Opens New Window

Surgery choices

Removal of the colon to cure ulcerative colitis involves one of these surgeries:

• In Reference ileoanal anastomosis, the surgeon removes some or all of the Reference large intestine (colon) Opens New Window Reference Opens New Window and the diseased lining of the rectum. Then the end of the small intestine (the ileum) is connected to the anal canal. This allows you to have bowel movements without an ostomy.
• In Reference proctocolectomy and ileostomy, the large intestine and rectum are removed, leaving the lower end of the small intestine (the ileum). The surgeon sews the anus closed and makes a small opening called a stoma in the skin of the lower belly. The ileum is connected to the stoma, creating an opening to the outside of the body.

What to think about

Ileoanal anastomosis is done most often. Proctocolectomy with ileostomy is preferred for people who cannot tolerate anesthesia for a long period of time because of illness or age.

In most cases, surgery can be scheduled at your convenience. Emergency surgery usually isn't needed unless an acute attack causes Reference toxic megacolon Opens New Window, severe uncontrolled bleeding, or a rupture in the intestine. The risk of problems after surgery can be high if surgery is done during a severe or rapidly worsening attack or if emergency surgery is needed.

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This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Reference Terms of Use. Reference How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.