Ectopic Pregnancy

Reference Fallopian tube Opens New Window damage is a common cause of ectopic pregnancy. A fertilized egg can become caught in the damaged area of a tube and begin to grow there. Some ectopic pregnancies develop without any known cause.

Common causes of fallopian tube damage that may lead to an ectopic pregnancy include:

• Smoking. Women who smoke or who used to smoke have higher rates of ectopic pregnancy. The more you smoke, the higher your risk.^{Reference 1} Smoking is thought to damage the fallopian tubes' ability to move the fertilized egg toward the uterus.
• Reference Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Opens New Window, such as from a Reference chlamydia Opens New Window or Reference gonorrhea Opens New Window infection. PID can create scar tissue in the fallopian tubes.
• Fallopian tube surgery, often used to reverse a tubal ligation or to repair a scarred or blocked tube.
• A previous ectopic pregnancy in a fallopian tube.

Although pregnancy is rare after a tubal ligation or with an intrauterine device (IUD), those pregnancies that do develop have an increased chance of being ectopic.^{Reference 2}

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