HealthWise KnowledgeBase
Barium Enema
Test Overview
A barium enema, or lower gastrointestinal (GI) examination, is an
Reference X-ray Opens New Window examination of the
Reference large intestine Opens New Window Reference 
Opens New Window (colon and rectum). The test is used to help diagnose diseases
and other problems that affect the large intestine. To make the intestine
visible on an X-ray picture, the colon is filled with a
Reference contrast material Opens New Window containing barium. This is done by
pouring the contrast material through a tube inserted into the anus. The barium
blocks X-rays, causing the barium-filled colon to show up clearly on the X-ray
picture.
There are two types of barium enemas.
- In a
Reference single-contrast study Opens New Window Reference Opens New Window, the colon is filled with
barium, which outlines the intestine and reveals large
abnormalities.
- In a double-contrast or
Reference air-contrast study Opens New Window Reference Opens New Window, the colon is first filled with
barium and then the barium is drained out, leaving only a thin layer of barium
on the wall of the colon. The colon is then filled with air. This provides a
detailed view of the inner surface of the colon, making it easier to see
narrowed areas (strictures),
Reference diverticula Opens New Window, or inflammation.
In some cases, the single-contrast study may be preferred for specific medical reasons or for older people who may not be able to tolerate the time-consuming and somewhat more uncomfortable double-contrast study. But if the results are not clear, a double-contrast study may also be done.
| By: | Reference Healthwise Staff | Last Revised: Reference April 25, 2011 |
| Medical Review: | Reference Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
Reference Jerome B. Simon, MD, FRCPC, FACP - Gastroenterology |
|
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