Birth Control

Is this topic for you?

Sometimes a woman may not use birth control, or her method may fail. If this happens to you, you may still be able to prevent pregnancy if you act quickly. For more information, see the topic Reference Emergency Contraception.

What is birth control?

Birth control is any method used to prevent pregnancy. Another word for birth control is contraception (say "kon-truh-SEP-shun").

If you have sex without birth control, there is a chance that you could get pregnant. This is true even if you have not started having Reference periods Opens New Window yet or you are getting close to Reference menopause Opens New Window.

The only sure way to prevent pregnancy is to not have sex. But finding a good method of birth control you can use every time can help you avoid an unplanned pregnancy.

What are the types of birth control?

There are many different kinds of birth control. Each has pros and cons. Learning about all the methods will help you find one that is right for you.

• Reference Hormonal methods Opens New Window Reference Opens New Window include birth control pills, shots (such as Depo-Provera), the skin patch, Reference the implant Opens New Window Reference Opens New Window, and the vaginal ring. There is also a hormonal IUD (such as Mirena) that releases a small amount of hormone. Birth control that uses hormones is very good at preventing pregnancy.
• Reference Intrauterine devices (IUDs) Opens New Window Reference Opens New Window are inserted into your uterus. IUDs work very well and are very safe. There are two main types of IUDs: the copper IUD (such as ParaGard) and the hormonal IUD (such as Mirena).
• Reference Barrier methods Opens New Window Reference Opens New Window include condoms, diaphragms, and sponges. In general, these do not prevent pregnancy as well as IUDs or hormonal methods do. Barrier methods must be used every time you have sex.
• Reference Natural family planning Opens New Window (also called fertility awareness) can work if you and your partner are very careful. You will need to keep good records so you know when you are fertile. And during times when you are fertile, you will need to skip sex or use a barrier method.
• Permanent birth control (sterilization) gives you lasting protection against pregnancy. A man can have a Reference vasectomy Opens New Window, or a woman can have her tubes tied (Reference tubal ligation Opens New Window). But this is only a good choice if you are sure that you don't want any (or any more) children.
• Reference Emergency contraception Opens New Window is a backup method to prevent pregnancy if you forget to use birth control or a condom breaks.

For hormonal or barrier methods to work best, you have to use them exactly the way your doctor or the package instructions say. Even then, accidents can happen. So it is a good idea to keep emergency birth control on hand as backup protection. You can buy "morning-after pills," such as Plan B, in most drugstores if you are 17 or older.

How do you choose the best method?

The best method of birth control is one that protects you every time you have sex. And with many types of birth control, that depends on how well you use it. To find a method that will work for you every time, some things to think about include:

• How well it works. Think about how important it is to you to avoid pregnancy. Then look at how well each method works. For example, if you plan to have a child soon anyway, you may not need a very reliable method. If you don't want children but feel it is wrong to end a pregnancy, choose a type of birth control that works very well.
• How much effort it takes. For example, birth control pills may not be a good choice if you often forget to take medicine. If you are not sure you will stop and use a barrier method each time you have sex, pick another method.
• When you want to have children. For example, if you want to have children in the next year or two, birth control shots may not be a good choice. They can make it hard to get pregnant for several months after you stop them. If you never want to have children, natural family planning is not a good choice because it often fails.
• How much the method costs. For example, condoms are cheap or free in some clinics. Some insurance companies cover the cost of prescription birth control. But cost can sometimes be misleading. An IUD costs a lot up front. But it works for years, making it low-cost over time.
• Whether it protects you from infection. Latex condoms can help protect you from Reference sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Opens New Window, such as Reference HIV Opens New Window. But they are not the best way to prevent pregnancy. To avoid both STIs and pregnancy, use condoms along with another type of birth control.
• If you've had a problem with one kind of birth control. Finding the best method of birth control may involve trying something different. Also, you may need to change a method that once worked well for you.

If you are using a method now that you are not happy with, talk to your doctor about other choices.

What health issues might limit your choices?

Some birth control methods may not be safe for you, depending on your health. To make sure a method is right for you, your doctor will need to know if you:

• Smoke.
• Are or could be pregnant.
• Are breast-feeding.
• Have any serious health problems, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, migraine headaches, or diabetes.
• Have had blood clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) or lungs (pulmonary embolism), or have a close family member who had blood clots in the legs or lungs.
• Have ever had breast cancer.
• Have a sexually transmitted infection.

How can you get birth control?

You can buy:

• Condoms, sponges, and spermicides in drugstores without a prescription.
• Emergency contraception in most drugstores without a prescription. But you do need proof that you are 17 or older.

You need to see a doctor or other health professional to:

• Get a prescription for birth control pills and other methods that use hormones.
• Have an IUD inserted.
• Be fitted for a diaphragm or cervical cap.

Frequently Asked Questions

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