Sterilization

There are forms of sterilization for both men and women.

What is male sterilization?

Male sterilization is achieved through a surgical procedure, called a vasectomy, that is intended to be a permanent method of birth control (there is no guarantee that it can be reversed).

How is the procedure performed?

A vasectomy is a quick, 30-minute surgical procedure performed in the physician’s office in which the vas deferens (the tubes that carry sperm out of the penis) is sealed, cut or tied, preventing sperm from traveling into the vagina during intercourse. Recovery from vasectomy usually requires only that the patient refrain from physical activity for approximately 48 hours.

Are there any complications?

Complications from a vasectomy are relatively rare but can involve infection, swelling of the scrotum, as well as the possibility of small, inflamed hard nodules at the end of the severed tube (these usually clear up on their own; however, in some cases additional surgery may be required).

What is female sterilization?

Permanent female sterilization can be achieved through two procedures:

1. Tubal ligation: This is a surgical procedure performed in a hospital, usually with no over night stay. It involves cutting the fallopian tubes and then sealing them or clipping so that the sperm and egg will be unable to meet.

2. Hysteroscopic sterilization: A hysteroscope, a lighted telescopic instrument, is used to insert spring-like coils called micro-inserts in the opening of the fallopian tubes. During the following months, tissue will form around the inserts and essentially plug the tubes which will keep sperm from fertilizing an egg. A follow-up visit to the doctor is required to make sure that the tubes are completely blocked.

Does sterilization protect against STIs?

NO!

Does it protect against pregnancy?

Yes.

What are the chances of getting pregnant while using sterilization?

The failure rate for vasectomy is about 1%, tubal ligation is 2% and hysterocscopic is less than 1%.

Advantages to using sterilization?

• Permanent protection against pregnancy


• No lasting side effects


• Does not affect sexual pleasure

Disadvantages to using sterilization?

• Sterilization is a permanent, surgical procedure and often cannot be reversed.


• Possible temporary postsurgical complications including:


• Bleeding


• Infection


• Reaction to the anesthetic that is used


• Mild to moderate pain
  
• Swelling of testicles (male)


• Tenderness near the testicles (male)


• Slight risk of bleeding or infection (female)

Things you should know:

This permanent method of birth control is intended for individuals who do not wish to ever have children, or already have a family with children and do not wish to have another pregnancy.

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Additional Outside Sources

Below is additional information and resources. Some are links to other Internet pages, which might have information on health topics of interest to you. PAMF, however, does not sponsor or endorse any of these sites, nor does PAMF guarantee the accuracy of the information contained on them. In addition, PAMF has no control over the privacy practices of external Web sites. The user should read and understand the policies of all Web sites with respect to their privacy practices. These links are provided for your general information and education only, and should NOT be relied upon for personal diagnosis or treatment. If you have questions, please contact your health care provider.

Planned Parenthood. Birth Control [Online]. Accessed September 2007.

The National Women's Health Information Center. Birth Control Methods [Online]. Accessed September 2007.
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